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The article looks at the main challenges facing Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president elected in July 2018. It looks, in particular, at the challenges regarding domestic policy (corruption, impunity, insecurity) and foreign policy (relations with the United States in the context of Donald Trump’s 2020 presidential bid). At the economic level, the overriding issue will be to reach a sufficient level of growth to finance the social programmes in favour of the most disadvantaged. At the social level, the main challenge facing the Mexican president is to reduce the severe inequalities, which are a brake to the country’s development.