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This article concerns State and Regional cultural policies. It examines the hypothesis of changes resulting less from ideal transformations than from the implementation of new instruments. The discourses on these policies and the aspirations which political leaders give them, are beset by a great inertia. On the other hand, public cultural interventions are marked since a few years ago by the introduction of relatively unprecedented standards of management or intervention measures. It will thus be a question of assessing the impact of the changes which can result from it. The first part looks at instruments of State reform and their impact on its cultural services that are decentralized at the regional level. The second part focuses on the instruments implemented by the Regional Councils in the context of their own cultural policies.