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By focusing on the national interpretation of the “Moreno Question,” the Spanish Center for Sociological Research (CIS) did not anticipate the rise of the independence movement in Catalonia. The dual options, assumed to be integrative, are still the most chosen, while the response “Catalan only,” measuring—in principle—exclusive nationalism, concerns only a fifth of respondents. While the cohabitation of separatism with national duality could show that the former is not always national(ist), we also discuss a less studied aspect: the methodological and conceptual factors that account for both the percentage of increase in support for dual identity and for its non-national character—the questionnaire, its administration, the wording of the scale, the multiple meanings of terms used.