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A lot of research have stressed that postpartum depression has a negative impact on the development of the child. The affective difficulties of the mother can limit her capacities to interact with her child in an adapted way, thus disturbing the early mother-child relationships. However, other studies underlined the importance of moderator factors that can modify this impact in a positive or a negative way. Among such factors, studies focusing on the father’s role have shown that a father may act as a buffer against the negative effect, either by offering adaptive interactive experiences to the child, or by supporting the mother throughout her difficult period. On the other hand, the father may worsen the situation, particularly in case of conflicted marital relationships. The aim of this literature review is to draw to the reader’s attention the interest of using family approach for these questions, whether for research or clinical perspectives.