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Cocaine consumption has been rising steadily since the 1990s, with a significant increase in recent years in the use of a smokable form of this psychostimulant, crack cocaine, which is proving to be more addictive. There is currently no approved pharmacological treatment for cocaine addiction. We will see, however, that data from clinical and preclinical research suggest pharmacotherapeutic avenues based on two main types of approach. The first type involves compounds that act as activators of the dopaminergic system and could be considered as cocaine substitution treatments. The second type involves compounds that have no direct action on the dopaminergic system.