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This article focuses on R. Aron’s two seminars, the first of which was held at the Sorbonne between 1956 and 1967, the second at the EPHE between 1968 and 1977. From a perspective of studying liberalism “from below”, he seeks to reflect the formation of an Aronian movement that unites behind a liberal label a group of intellectuals from diverse backgrounds. This process can only be understood by contextualizing these seminars, the first taking place in an academic moment of Aron’s trajectory, the second unfolding in a more political moment of it. The gap between the two corresponds, on the academic level, to Aron’s resignation from the Sorbonne, and on the political level, to May 1968. This movement will carry two reviews, Contrepoint and Commentaire, which played a role in the “anti-totalitarian turn”, as well as being carried by them.