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Economists traditionally explain the different positions experienced by men and women on the labor market by way of three main factors: discrimination, differences in preferences, and the productivity gap. However, these factors are difficult to disentangle from one another. The experimental approach aims to produce robust results on these issues, especially on the discrimination that may be at work in the functioning of the labor market. Laboratory experiments using simple games also enable researchers to test the hypotheses of a gendered difference in risk-aversion or in the preference for equity. Yet numerous questions remained unanswered, such as where such preferences come from, and their consequences in terms of behavior on the labor market.