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The healthcare networks set up by top-up health insurers consist of contractual arrangements with healthcare professionals aimed at regulating the prices of certain procedures and facilities poorly covered by public health insurance and to reduce out-of-pocket excess for patients. This article analyses their formation and development from the late 1990s onwards, looking at the system of relationships between organisations which allow them to exist. In this way, it highlights the heterogeneity of formats and practices associated with these arrangements, the disputes surrounding them, and their partial demonetisation in the late 2010s as a result of state interventions recodifying the trade rules for certain health goods. The article thereby highlights several modalities of investment by private insurance operators in pursuit of the civic goal of improving access to healthcare for individuals.