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France’s health insurance reforms in the 1990s not only modified the sector’s financing system but also delegated a portion of healthcare service regulation to supplemental health insurance providers (SHIPs). The government has adopted various measures, including the Le Roux Law, “responsible contracts,” an increase in employer-sponsored supplemental insurance coverage, and the “100% health” campaign, which have allowed the SHIPs network to develop and its providers to become full-fledged actors in the social protection system. This article analyzes these measures from three perspectives: financial, political, and/or social. It points out both the consistency and inconsistencies of these measures, notably their propensity to generate new social inequalities in the supplemental health insurance field.