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This article looks at the economic and social impacts on women’s empowerment of the microcredit practices of the Union des mutuelles-Partenariat pour la mobilisation de l’épargne et le crédit au Sénégal (UM-Pamecas). Indeed, women in sub-Saharan African countries have attempted to respond to the consequences of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) by entering the informal sector in large numbers. It is in this context that the introduction of microfinance in the financing of women’s entrepreneurship must be understood. An analysis of the way UM-Pamecas operates shows that this institution has defined a field that brings together representations, practices, strategies, and actors that are likely to distance it from the proclaimed objectives of microfinance (tackling poverty and promoting gender equality).