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“Social freedom” and the respect of corresponding rights, as well as Pareto efficiency (required a priori by democracy), imply that taxes and subsidies (re)distributing income are based on given “natural resources”, the most important of which, by far, consists of individuals’ productive capacities. Consequently, this distribution should take the form of an equal sharing of people’s product of the same labor (while each freely chooses their total level of labor). In an equivalent manner, everyone gives to each other the product of the same labor. In other words, each receives the same “basic income” financed by an equal sacrifice of all in terms of labor. This is the basis for practical fiscal reforms that lead society towards an efficient economy and a just distribution.Classification JEL: D30, D31, D33, D63, E24, E25, H20, H21, H24, H53, I30, I31, I38, P26, P28, P43.