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The global crisis, which began in 2007, has shown the need to renew the framework of microprudential regulation essentially by adding a macroprudential dimension. The objective is to correct several market failures that make the risk in a financial system mostly an endogenous risk, resulting from the collective behavior of financial institutions and agents, and not only the aggregation of individual risks. Our introduction to this special issue provides a brief overview of the state of knowledge and debate on the measure of systemic risk and the macroprudential policy.Classification JEL : G01, G21, G32, G38.