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In this article, we synthesize recent work on the links between climate and inequalities, to show how the challenges related to the impacts and mitigation of climate change affect inequalities, both between countries and between individuals. First, we analyze the inequalities of exposure and vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Then, we focus on inequalities in the contribution to greenhouse gas emissions between countries and between individuals. Finally, we show how inequalities in the face of climate change help to clarify the equity of the distribution of actions needed to mitigate climate change. JEL Codes: Q3, Q5, D3, D6.