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The notion of ecological planning is currently the subject of renewed debate. Our contribution to this debate takes a strictly industrial perspective, using the French case as a starting point. We analyse France’s exposure to its carbon-based industries in terms of jobs, tax revenues and export earnings, as well as the technological opportunities relatively available for the production of “green” goods useful for the ecological transition. France, which is less dependent than Germany on the fossil fuel sector, must be able to actively undertake the reconstruction of a “green” industrial system without fear of socio-economic shocks. Making this changeover will require strengthening the coordination of actors, the public financing capacity, and support for regional innovativeness as institutional pillars of a genuine ecological planning system for France’s industrial fabric.