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Infrastructure policies are an essential lever for efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and for regional and local adaptation to the consequences of global warming. In view of the environmental transition in France, significant investments will have to be made in the coming years to transform, renovate and maintain infrastructures, which will result in major socioeconomic changes throughout the country. This article presents the additional investment in infrastructure needed to hit the targets of the National Low Carbon Strategy and the Multiannual Energy Programme, based on two distinct scenarios (“Pro-techno” and “Sobriety”), and then analyses the macroeconomic and sectoral consequences. The results point to a significant rise in GDP (from 1 to 1.2%) and in the number of jobs (between 300,000 and 400,000 additional jobs) during the first decade (2021-2030) in the two scenarios; the benefits are distributed among different economic sectors, primarily public works and services. After 2030, the economic impacts are less marked in the Sobriety scenario, due to lower investment in the road, rail and site development sectors, but are still positive for both activity and employment. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of the results to complementary hypotheses associated with these scenarios, in particular a reduction in France’s energy imports.