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The objective of this paper is to understand the factors explaining the failure of family SMEs in Chad. The study concerns a sample of twenty-two promoters of family SMEs belonging to various industries and eleven accountants who support these managers on a daily basis. We have opted for a qualitative and exploratory methodology which is based on the analysis of the speeches and points of view of the actors who were interviewed. The main results are: the lack of sustainability of the entrepreneurial project, family management, the institutional environment and confusion in the management of resources explain the failure of family SMEs in Chad. In conclusion, the theoretical and managerial implications are discussed as well as the limitations and future lines of research.