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The existence of a cultural divide between northern Protestant and southern Catholic Europe is traditionally accepted. This article puts this idea to the test by considering the data collected by the most recent European Values Study (EVS). The process of secularization indeed raises the question of whether this approach is still relevant. Several attitude scales bearing on the relationship to family, to gender inequalities, and to the liberalism of morals clearly establish the existence of deep differences between countries of Protestant, Catholic, but also Orthodox or Muslim tradition on the continent today. These differences are resistant to the consideration of variables such as individual religion, but also education and income levels. The divides separating European countries according to their prevailing religious denomination even seem to be by far the most important factor in accounting for cultural differences on the continent.