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‪Helene Bauer was one of the leading economists of Austromarxism, an intellectual circle close to Austria’s Social Democratic Workers’ Party between the two world wars, which aimed to create a new socialist society by democratic means. Between 1923 and 1926, she contended with what would later become known as the Austrian School of Economics and its most remarkable theoreticians: Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, and Joseph Schumpeter. Although important for the history of economic theory and methodology in the social sciences, these debates have largely been forgotten. The present article aims at filling this gap by revisiting the debate between Helene Bauer and the Austrian School of Economics around the general conceptions of the theory of value, attribution of value, and an appropriate methodology for the study of economics as a social science. The last part of the article describes a discord between Helene Bauer and Ludwig von Mises on social justice, democracy, and authoritarianism in interwar Austria.‪