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France has a conflicted perception of imams. They are seen both as social agents and as declining authority figures. Similarly, two types of relationships regarding Islam coexist among French born Muslims as well as first generation immigrants. Our study is based on the results of a 2006-2011 survey carried out in France, involving thirty imams. One third of them were “blue collar” imams, and two thirds “professionals”. Their homilies follow identifiable rhetorical principles that constitute a particular literary genre. Some basic oratorical rules, such as delivery or intonation, are respected although new parameters have surfaced. The ethnic and national backgrounds of their audience are increasingly diverse. Most homilies are either delivered in Fusha Arabic or in French. Imams adjust the content of their speeches to ensure intelligibility. They focus on rite observance requirements, social or clerical issues, lato sensu. Fear of God does not preclude love. The point is to educate and foster responsibility. Rites are nourished by moments of interiority. The benefits of Islam flourish in the service of family and society. Dedicating oneself to God is a central theme. Living in a non Muslim environment leads to a condemnation of the pagan West. Self-reflection and, more importantly, commitment are recommended, while stressing the importance of eschatology.