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Contemporary transhumanists hope to use technological progress to escape some forms of biological determinism and to go in the direction of a transhuman – and even ultimately posthuman – existence. Must one either embrace or reject these anthropotechnical projects as a whole? Can one instead choose between them, and according to what criteria? The objective of the present study is to propose some possible responses to these questions in bringing to bear what biologists are discovering about the complexity of life (and particularly human life), incorporating some key elements of Christian anthropology.