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This article presents the recent trends in international migration in the OECD area, and underlines two important challenges that face a number of OECD countries. The first is the international mobility of highly qualified workers and the second the integration of immigrants and foreigners into the labour market. While OECD countries share a number of common concerns in the area of international migration, particularly with respect to management of migration flows, the “migration landscape” of OECD is sharply contrasted since countries are at different stages of their migration history. Recently, however, a generalised increase in the recruitment of foreign workers has been noted. This can be explained in part by demographic ageing, but also by persistent labour shortages. The authors show that, while immigration plays a preponderant role in the demographic dynamics of several OECD countries, it can make only a limited contribution to alleviate labour shortages, even where selective employment-oriented policies are in place. They also show that, despite improvements in the integration of foreigners into the labour market during the latest phase of economic expansion, several categories of foreign workers, especially women, young people and the least skilled, remain highly vulnerable to unemployment and underemployment.