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Over the last decade, the development of precision medicine has changed the way cancer is treated. However, these new treatments remain available primarily through participation in clinical trials. This article therefore focuses on social inequalities in access to early cancer trials, an issue that until now has received little attention by the research community. Our research is based on a mixed methodology combining qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and observations) and quantitative data (a nation-wide survey of 1355 patients included in these programmes). The cross-analysis of these data reveals the existence of various inequalities: Social (gender), organizational (care pathway) and geographical. These inequalities come into play from the first stages of care, in three ways: The organization of access to trials, the sorting of patients prior to inclusion, and the constraints associated with participation in a research protocol.