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The social networks in China often make the headlines owing to their size, scope and responsiveness: they are used almost round the clock by more than 600 million people, generally via their mobile phones. Does this tremendous potential represent an opportunity or a threat for the Chinese Government in its reform process? Before we can answer this question, it is important to understand the policy framework and specific role granted to the media and social networks in China. The situation is very different from that in Europe, as is the legal framework, which gives the State a constant and complex degree of control that is maintained by an equally responsive politico-administrative system. The article concludes with some suggested scenarios regarding how current trends will evolve. It would seem that the Government’s position has hardened and an opportunity has been missed for dialogue on the quest for a comprehensive reform of Chinese society.