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In the public administration language «inspection» takes the form of checks made during or immediately after the execution of a task. But it also includes new dimensions as control, audit, consulting and normative evaluation. Evaluation is broader than the missions of the bodies in charge of it (pre?execution, response to what and why, relevance, ongoing monitoring of implementation, etc.). This article regards four major challenges of the inspection according to the Canadian and Quebec experience: methodological issues (a combination of quantitative and qualitative aspects and intersectoral issues); the need for multiple skills; tracking ROI evaluations and inspections and finally the challenge of their usefulness considering that several policies avoid accountability by stating vague objectives.