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This article considers neoliberalism as the contemporary phase of the evolution of capitalism, in the face of which individuals appear obligated to adapt to survive. The concept of “adaptation” is at the heart of neoliberal practices. It seems to be mobilized to encourage individuals to conform to the environment of the market society and its rules. However, this survival must be perceived positively by individuals, so that they accept to be trained for adaptation and integrate the model of subjectivity that it imposes. Moreover, they must be the actors of their own adaptation, in such a way as to justify the market order and its stable evolution. Transhumanist theories, notably through the promotion of moral bioenhancement, participate in the promotion of this kind of voluntarism by framing surviving capitalism as a new and superior evolution of the human species.