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In the wake of the Paris Agreements in 2015 and under the guidance of OECD, many States have engaged in a complex and progressive process of Green Budgeting. France pledged to participate in this global movement. Beyond progress in eco-budgetary documentation, level of environmental taxes in global mandatory contributions shows that “green taxation” remains relatively weak in OECD countries, in Europe and especially in France. “Green Public Finance” is in its infancy. From a budgetary and fiscal point of view, the “ecological emergency” challenges ability of States to well balance three components – economic, social and environmental – of sustainable development. Actually, ecological transition, depending of its pace, could lead to strong socio-territorial tensions as we have seen in France during the “yellow jackets” crisis.