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With reference to Freud’s theory of the introduction of the superego, in which the question of inter-psychic identification and differentiation predominates, and in the context of S. Ferenczi’s contribution to the notion, the author considers the theoretical and practical implications of the expression « identification with the aggressor ”. With the help of a number of clinical examples, he attempts to disclose the anti-identificatory logic that, in contrast with Freud’s conception of the splitting of the ego, is both produced and supported by « narcissistic » splitting. The interrelation of both these forms of splitting in the course of analytic work leads to a reduction of the latter and an increased maturity of the premature ego.