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Between 1928 and 1939, papers concerning “Psychanalysis and Weltanschauung” became more frequent under the authorship of Germans and Austrians who, at that time, were being directly confronted by the rise and triumph of Nazism. Between scientific arguments and ethical questions, between misuses of the German language and “cleansing of psychoanalysis”, between Marxism and the Goering Institute, between Mein Kampf and the dictatorship of reason, the gradual emergence of the premises of “ Ego Psychology” can be seen ? the theory which, through the voice of Hartmann, sought to give precedence to the Ego and to its abilities to distinguish between reality as opposed to the “delirium of the masses”.