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Throwing light on the notion of identity makes it possible to look at a set of identity-related issues in Freud’s works: identifications, narcissism and the notion of sexual identity. Psychoanalysts draw on the notion of identity either through the tradition of the self (Ango-Saxon thought) or through the attention paid to narcissistic suffering (Roussillon). Michel de M’Uzan shows a porous identity, capable of oscillations and vacillations across a large spectrum of identity. The conclusion links these considerations on identity to the notion of primary defence.