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The Bolsheviks inherited from the Tsarist empire not only communication technologies and lines, but also the procedures of conquering territories that consisted in extending and reconstructing postal, telephone, and telegraph networks. Their efforts to establish a communication network that spanned from the center to the peripheries indicate the tendency for centralization of power that appeared from the very beginning of the regime. Despite the discursive promotion of social utility of technological progress, the Bolsheviks needed communication tools first of all to keep power in their hands and to establish control over the country. The first years of the Soviet regime were characterized by the complete usurpation of telecommunications by the authorities. The social needs to communicate were recognized as far as they helped Bolsheviks to win a victory in the civil war. The decree authorizing free mailing services was followed by the restrictions concerning ordinary individuals’ access to telegraph and telephone. The differential access to telecommunications contributed to the construction of the hierarchical relationships within the power apparatus. The implementation of the services for a fee produced a certain impact on the local leaders who felt their authority reduce. As a result, they reinforced their intimidation techniques against communication services employees in order to maintain their dominant position. The material tools of communication were perceived as instruments to exercise power and to affirm one’s position in the administrative pyramid. The local leaders had some difficulties conceding their prerogatives as far as the access to telephone was concerned and found it hard to think of this communication tool as a means of constituting a communicating society. Disagreement appeared between the actors who were placed in an unequal situation determined by the professional functions they exercised. At first glance, it was the communication services’ employees who, in the name of the rules of access to communication services, contested the privileges that the local leaders misappropriated. These employees defended the principles of justice such as defined by the central authorities. As such, they contributed to preserve vertical relations of domination, and to guarantee the obedience of the local leaders vis-à-vis the central power. They indirectly took part in applying the techniques of power that aimed at controlling the territory and population.