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This article looks at a new public policy instrument that seeks to rationalize the practices of private healthcare professionals working in the primary care sector in France and more specifically in maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles (MSPs). It will examine the effect of this policy instrument on professional autonomy and private practice in the healthcare field. By conducting a qualitative study of six multi-professional healthcare homes, this article will demonstrate that private healthcare professionals have managed to appropriate the policy instrument in question, while managing to preserve their existing practices; at times, they have even developed new forms of working that had not been envisioned by government authorities. This process has in fact led to strengthening the interdependent relationship between private professionals and public authorities. On the one hand, public authorities accept this form of appropriation by private professionals, given that they depend on the latter’s support to ensure the successful development of multi-professional healthcare homes. On the other, private professionals consent to being accountable to public authorities, since they need the recognition of the latter to safeguard the continuity of their practices. As a result, we witness the emergence of what we refer to as a new private practice under governmental constraint.