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The end of the Middle Ages was accompanied by large migratory waves and significant mobility among merchants. For a variety of economic and political reasons, a number of Tuscan merchants moved to Barcelona with their families. To understand the strategies of integration, tutelage, and reproduction of these Tuscan households who migrated to Barcelona in the course of the fifteenth century, it is essential to consider the family structure and the respective roles of individuals within the family. The women who followed their husbands to one of the main trading centers of the Mediterranean saw their role and status change significantly. What role did they play in the organization and administration of their families’ affairs? This article analyzes the legal status of these women prior to their migration, and their specific role in the reorganization of their families across the sea. It also shows how they adapted to a new legal status, that of women in Barcelona, in terms of citizenship and ownership, and examines their relationships with local institutions. Based on new archival sources, this article sheds light on processes of social negotiation involving women and their agency.