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International economic policy offers an interesting vantage point from which to study the political sociology of international affairs. Despite a few fledgling attempts to steer research towards sociological analysis, research in international economic policy has traditionally looked to the field of economics for inspiration. This introduction seeks to bring these two disciplinary perspectives into dialogue by examining a number of sociohistorical studies that endeavor to avoid the reification of States and organizations and are thus also wary of heroic and teleological illusions with regard to the implementation of international public policies. It will also illustrate the important contribution of agent-based sociology, which takes into account agents’ practices while shedding light on their trajectories and attitudes and analyzing the structure of their interactions, conflicts, and strategies within international economic bureaucracies.