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Over the last fifteen years, many scientific articles have attempted to explain jihadist radicalization in France. One of the main difficulties encountered when trying to develop such explanations remains that of gaining access to the necessary sources. This article uses a very large set of documents—the assessment files of more than 350 “Islamist terrorists” placed under penitentiary evaluation (in so-called quartiers d’évaluation de la radicalisation, or radicalization assessment units, within the Department of Prisons)—with a view to conducting a prosopographic analysis of this population. More than a hundred assessment criteria are used, ranging from socio-biographical data concerning age, nationality, domicile, education and income levels, and family background, to procedural data regarding romantic relationships, modalities of violent socialization, religious affiliation and intensity, perceptions of victimhood, etc., to ultimately sketch out seven paradigmatic types of jihadist individuals.