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This article examines the political socialization of Orthodox Jews living in two communities in France: in Strasbourg and Aix-les-Bains. These communities correspond to two different profiles of Jewish orthodoxy (the Charedim, who reject contact with the out-group as much as possible, and the Modern Orthodox, who accept them) which are organized according to two models: the enclave, in Aix-les-Bains, and the ghetto, in Strasbourg. In the enclave, Charedi socialization manufactures a relationship with politics that is distant and sponsored by rabbis, while in the ghetto, Modern Orthodox socialization exists alongside other socializing influences, including contacts with the out-group, to produce a greater investment in politics. The political socialization of these Orthodox Jews is thus based on their integralist religious socialization and their contact, more or less distant, with the out-group.