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Popes hold both religious and political views on the Holy Land. From a religious perspective, this land, with Jerusalem at its center, is sacred three times over: for Jews, for Christians, and for Muslims. The papacy also holds a political view because of the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and the previous Zionist claims, along with the former Ottoman and British policies, which all led to tensions in which religion was manipulated. This article demonstrates this twofold approach, both religious-spiritual and political-diplomatic, which characterizes the relationship between the papacy and the Holy Land today. It aims at understanding the intimate connection of the Popes with a land rich in emotion, where Jesus Christ lived, a land also known for its complex relationship with the Eastern Churches and its relationship to Judaism and Islam, in an international context marked by a new game of great powers.