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In the post-war period, when the place of the family was being redefined and knowledge about children began to shed new light on intra-family relationships, tensions ran through the networks of child experts concerning the caring for war handicapped children. One of the main questions was whether collective care in boarding establishments or individual fostering in private homes should be preferred. The debates and experiences that took place at the time of the networking of children’s communities under the aegis of UNESCO show the hesitations faced with the situation of “homeless” children, oscillating between pedagogical innovations and medical approach, education for international understanding and national anchoring, family and community…