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The goal of this study was to examine the effect of self-construal activation on the relationship between transactive memory and group performance. We did this by administering a self-construal (independent or interdependent) priming task to participants divided into 32 same-sex triads, which were then asked to perform an assembly task. We evaluated group performance by counting the number of task-related errors each group committed. Transactive memory was assessed by analyzing video recordings of interactions during the task and by self-report measures. As expected, the results showed that self-construal activation moderated the relationship between transactive memory and group performance. The specialization component of transactive memory was associated with fewer performance errors on the assembly task when group members had performed the independent self-construal activation task versus the interdependent self-construal activation task. Our results provide further evidence for the effects of self-construal priming on expertise recognition processes and group performance.