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Abstract The alliance of Third World countries has been intending to influence the international balance of powers since the 1960s. But it has been strongly weakened by successive failures, including the lack of economic development. The convergence of the countries’ interests was jeopardized by globalisation. Yet the South seemed to play a role in agenda control, civil societies of the North partly supporting it: it praised for such themes as world governance, international markets accesses, intellectual property rights... However in the last period, the alliance mainly served the purposes of the emergent powers, the only ones to be accepted in a broaden world governance committee; other countries are confined in a diplomacy of declarations, which strengthens the risk of a new radicalisation among some of them.