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Although Robert de Ketton’s Latin translation of the Quran is a well-known source from the 12th century, no critical edition of it has been published, nor has it been the subject of comparative semantic analysis. This paper presents the translation methods used from Arabic to Latin, by focusing only on the first two suras of the Alcoran ( al-Fātiḥa and al-baqara), which are published in an annex. Although Robert de Ketton attempted to stay faithful to the meaning of the original text and looked for appropriate Latin expressions, in fact his work took him away from the Arabic Quran as he reorganized its verses and redirected its ideas, images, and prosody. In contrast to the editor of the marginal gloss, who was radically hostile to the text and the language of the enemy, this rather compassionate translation attained a kind of Christianization of the Quranic vocabulary and therefore managed to achieve a cultural adaptation. However, in these two translated suras, Islam emerged as a form of Jewish legalism, or heresy.