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Launched in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a vast plan designed to strengthen “connectivity” between China and the rest of the world. Within this framework, several transport corridors projects have emerged between China and Europe, through Central Asia. They have aroused both interest and apprehension among countries of the region, anxious to benefit from Chinese projects while preserving their independence. Are the “New Silk Roads” a factor of convergence of the interests or a factor of rivalry between those states ? This paper analyses the relations between China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Iran through the prism of their perception of the rail corridor projects that have emerged or been revived since 2013.