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The Trans-Caspian corridor, also known as the Middle Corridor, is gaining prominence as a strategic railway link connecting Asia and Europe. This trend has especially been accentuated, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the sanctions mainly imposed by Western countries. Firstly, this Middle Corridor offers a shorter route by 2,000 kilometers compared to the Northern corridors that pass through Russia. Moreover, it offers companies a means to mitigate risks and uncertainties stemming from sanctions and deteriorating relations with Moscow. Recent months have witnessed a rapid surge in traffic along this route, in contrast to a decline in activity along Northern corridors. What is the future of this new corridor? Can it be a substitute for the route that passes through Russia? What is China’s stance, and why is this corridor supported by both Turkey and Kazakhstan?