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Based on the double conflict of the reason with itself and with the reason of others, as Kant shows it in his Critique of pure reason, this paper outlines the consequences on Dilthey’s and Jasper’s theories of worldviews, who propose respectively a critical and a dialogical solution, and on Rawls and Habermas questions about the organisation of contemporary societies. Thus, the conflictual reason opens itself to a political dimension, present since Kant.