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Over the last 60 years, most of the advances in neuropsychological knowledge has been concerned with the field of memory and language. Social cognition is a much more recent topic of interest and has gained increasing focus in the last few years. Social cognition includes processes allowing people to make sense of other people and themselves in order to coordinate with the social world. Among these processes, theory of mind abilities were the most studied across various types of patients suffering from neuropsychiatric or neurological diseases. The concept of theory of mind has revealed itself to be of great clinical relevance both to diagnosis and to patient care strategies. Though important methodological and theoretical advances have been made, future studies will have to integrate methods and results from social psychology.