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Autism is a neurological disorder with severe behavioral consequences grouped under the term of autism spectrum disorders. Its origin can be genetic but, in most cases, autism is regarded as an idiopathic disease. The link between the dysfunction of some neural networks and autism has not been clearly established and the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with autism remain unknown. The pathologies of the cerebellum in some cases of autism have been known for over twenty years. Beyond the major role of the cerebellum in the control of balance, motor coordination, and motor learning, we know that the little brain ( cerebellum in Latin) is also involved in some complex functions such as the regulation of emotion, and in language learning. The anatomical and functional maturation of the cerebellum is mainly postnatal, so it is likely to play a role in the cognitive development of the child. This review summarizes the clinical, pathological, and imaging knowledge, as well as data in animal models, which emphasize the importance of the cerebellum in autism. Finally, this review proposes some lines of research on the major role of the cerebellum in autism.