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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties in social interactions and communication, linked with restricted behaviors and interests. The fifth version of the DSM includes an atypical sensory and perceptual processing as a new diagnostic criterion that contributes to the autistic behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Eye-tracking technologies measure eye activity using a variety of cues and are based on increasingly sophisticated and precise analysis methods. They provide new insights into the impact of perceptual particularities of people with ASD on their cognitive functioning, including social, attentional, and memory abilities discussed in this article. The results of these studies reveal that people with ASD have singular visual exploration strategies characterized by a gaze focusing on details that are irrelevant to the understanding of a social scene or the emotional recognition of a face. These visual strategies delay the attentional disengagement required to access an overview of information and have an impact on encoding processes in episodic memory. These interesting non-invasive techniques may also be used to analyze social interactions in natural environments and cognitive remediation.