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Clinical practice in neuropsychology has changed considerably over the last forty years. In this article, we describe this evolution and show how neuropsychological rehabilitation gradually came to take on a more ecological and global dimension, thus changing its main objectives to optimizing patients’ level of functioning in everyday life, as well as, more broadly, to enhancing their well-being. In this context, it has proven necessary to adopt an integrative approach to neuropsychological assessment that does not reduce patients’ difficulties to their brain lesion, but also takes into account the various psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors that can influence a patient's (and his/her family's) quality of life.