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Building upon the hypothesis that France’s “Territoires zéro chômeur de longue durée” (TZCLD) (Territories with Zero Long-Term Unemployment) project can be studied through the prism of the commons, our objective is first to understand how the TZCLD project could be a commons in essence, and then to analyze at the territorial level how the proximities created, maintained, or reinforced within a network of cooperating actors could facilitate—or not—the construction and management of this commons over time. Combining the analysis of the commons and that of proximities allows us to examine the process of building collective action based on cooperation between heterogeneous actors and the adoption of a system of shared rules and standards to manage a commons at territorial level. Based on a longitudinal case study of one of the first ten experimental localities, our work highlights, among other things, the way in which the lack of institutional proximity between the stakeholders (understood as the lack of shared values) interferes with the management of the experiment as a commons.