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A large proportion of individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the years to follow. For this reason, MCI is considered as one of the earliest clinical phases of AD. Cognitive deficits that are present in individuals with MCI are not limited to episodic memory impairment, which has been largely described in the AD literature, but can also result in deficits in working memory, attention, or executive functioning. These deficits could increase the impact of the disease on functional autonomy and, above all, they can be a sign of progression towards AD. In this review, we report knowledge acquired within MCI research concerning the importance of studying these disorders as early markers of evolution towards AD, but also in order to evaluate possible cognitive interventions within this population.