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This paper aims to update the cognitive rehabilitation of working memory (WM). WM is a persistent cognitive impairment in patients with chronic diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy. Studies about this neuropathologic conditions are scarce compared to those about conditions involving acquired brain lesions (stroke and traumatic brain injury). Furthermore, studies with cognitive rehabilitation programs specific to WM are unusual. Consequently, despite encouraging results, they can hardly be generalized. Many tools exist, whether computerized or not. Although there were not explicitly developed for patients with MS or epilepsy, they may be used in these populations. To be fully effective, these programs must be used with psycho-educational advice and specifically adapted to each patient. This procedure will facilitate the transfer ok skills learned by patients into their everyday lives.